Hypothermia

Normal body temperature is 37°C. If this falls to below 35°C due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures or immersion in cold water, hypothermia will set in. Members should be aware of the symptoms in themselves and others; the following are the most common but not all may be present.

Mild hypothermia:

• Shivering and chattering teeth
• Weak pulse, fast heart rate and rapid breathing
• Pale skin
• Confusion, with a failure to understand questions or comments
• Feelings of exhaustion and/or sleepiness
• Difficulties speaking
• Clumsiness with slow movements and reactions

Moderate hypothermia:

• Shivering decreases or stops
• Muscles stiffen
• Slow pulse
• Slow or abnormal heart rate and shallow slow breathing
• Dilated pupils
• Blue tinge (cyanosis) to lips and nails
• Slurred speech
• Increased confusion and decline in mental function

Reduce the chances of hypothermia by dressing in layers of clothing, with the outer layer being wind- and waterproof, and wearing a hat. Take care to remain hydrated, even in cold weather.

If hypothermia is suspected, try to move the individual indoors as soon as possible and call 111 for advice; remove any wet clothing, wrap them in a blanket or dry towel making sure the head is also covered; give them a warm (non-alcoholic) drink and some sugary food if they are awake; make sure they are not left alone and are kept awake.